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barbarie J jLLLo I J-*-y jl LJ yj«l sauvagerie J >1' ^
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Jacques Le Goff et Pierre Nora, Faire de Vhistoire (Paris: Gallimard, 1 974). ( 1 )
.13 tl J-b>tll <. j-L^il (2)
19
Jl pIij! ^Jl ^JJja «0 ^SlJJJ 4 _L<>_Ss-> b v — > ^*»*xJl
( 3 )
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^_»jLJi [. . . ] c^IJl^I 3 ^ ^>jljJi)) jl ^ ^ (Paul Veyne)
(Gerard 3 jl^->* oL l l j . . > . j <. «
L_£j jl ^C-yC 2 .X-) . KSl^L>c>) ^ J cs 5 ^-® ^jjUI jl tGenette)
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v j^SLqsli a^j j\Jlo tj j^SLoj ^1 Jalley)
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. (Systeme raisonne des connaissances humaines) «iJt ;VI (jJLaJ'l j>UiJl» jl ys.
Gerard Genette: Comment on ecrit I’histoire (Paris: Seuil, 1971), pp. 14 et (4)
15, et Figures II (Paris: Seuil, 1969), p. 50 notamment.
Michele Duchet et Michele: ^Jajl t4__J ^jJL (Histoire) pjU 3 jL« (5)
Jalley, Langue et langages de Leibniz a I ’encyclopedic : Seminaire de I’ecole normale
superieure de Fontenay , avec la collaboration d’Yvon Belaval [et al.] (Paris: Union
generate d’editions, 1977), p. 351.
20
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Gcchichtschreibung 1<J5 j iGgIj^VI j ^5li jjl <_$ Jell geschichte
^ ^1J1 jjfc lo y& 1.1 * j ^jli jJl ojjb «uLSl>- j\ jl ^
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^-JjLlJl ^Jl _ 'G I
t j-1p ^Ul j ji Jl ^ Ills' o y-Ll L^JUjl laASDl oJl* : (Histoire)
• 4^>- C~^!J “U(L^> ^)l L^JlSlal
JjLSU (L idea logic aUcmunde) S-jJLoJVl L-j>-jJj_iJ_jb(l ^
“Ua_LS L~*_sU j) t^-j_l>j_) (JjLaijlXxj! oj_a j -^. lal t bli-a ^ ^^-SjLa
Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels, L’Ideologie allemande , traduction de (6)
= Renee Cartelle et Gilbert Badia (Paris: Editions sociales, 1972), pp. 74, 78, 126,
21
historic ZJS bwii j t iS ^ geschichte
Ui t L^jli ^ys <.OjS^j j! ydl) 4jh™uiJlj o UUl
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historischer Prozess jlJ ttiUJcJ Li“>L^ . de l’histoire)
j! £c_>jLJI ki> jL_Lj<_j historichen Entiwicklungj
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geschichtliche yjJ! ^j-~k j_<Jl j-* Ls^UaJl
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(purisme) ^^LLyaJl a-^^jl!! 4_p *_J 1 o djs j LJ 1
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(La recherche « j-Lt yliJI o jiJI jLi y C~r*Jl» : oly«j (1974 b\ y^) La Pensee
^hliil U jLi ^JJl (Gilbert Badia) LiU y^LAy ■ sur l e XVII eme siecle)
l^r.WL U oa< yjl (Michele Jalley) JU- JLl-lj tiJlhill U>-jJ_jjJij\(I y> i__^l 1
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y yAj liJloJl LjJIShil Jl o yill -U*j (l'esthetique) oUUil y i_p»Ju (iis)
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22
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,yj i Ajta i — > lis 2 j>^J I y* l$Jl <Jy>- ySJj <■ a5wL>ju histoire)
.AXpLvsi Aj jj j-s^ 5 Aj oi.il
3 yl IS! ^1 jl ^jU ^ LsLJi ^^wJLi dUS ^j
aJ Oj_Svj ol y>Vl <Jj! ^_y jJ L5^~ > ' 4 *~t Ay^- jJjjO_j1
aji-saJ-3 oj^ y* ^ y>-jyaJl ao^j [• • • ]® • j-lyyl ^y y
c (Michel de Certeau) yj-y J* JLy* J ji Jl>- ^jJlp k^jjLJl!
yo ^yi_>cj ol U y^«*jj .azL<>j>- ^y ^tjjLJl ^1 p ‘CwJjdl ld_&> ^j.da.0 j
jloJl yd j_lp ^jjjo joJl Aj ^wL*-j ob (J^yJl
Ai j y>- J jl ajU5 o ol 0 j^> y» (histoire) ^jjLJIj (Histoire)
.yLSl V y j . IsJ ykj y y*“l LLw- 0> Ja^s_j jl ia_>«_i
j-‘ s4a -‘^-‘ a - i A^jwL^ jOJl .frUwJI 1 4_L?L»-*yi ^yw^.*.^xJl =
ji ^jjixii ji jyLaj yi -^j yts ^ ji j
^Ji^p y L^l Aw*i JJ 2
Michel de Certeau, VEcriture de Vhistoire (Paris: Gallimard, 1975), p. (8)
147.
23
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y^j-) Vw^-^o V *LjI ^y2jJ\ k_jlS ^- J j-ls-> <Lw<i_&i
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(Early Anthropology in the XVI and ^ jJ*-& j_«liJI j jJ^s> j*oL%%JI
JwpLJ! Jj > tjLw«j 4j^ o~Up v — _^_xJ\ Jubl (.XVIII Centuries)
^jjl jj ^ft[. . . 3 C-»3 jJI dlb ^3 ^jjbdl 1^-*-° o!5 L*® ! j*£jd\j
ol5] ! ji>-I S/ 1 ^-jJa-j l^-b K^wLXj! d-wjlS
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f ( 1 0) ** 05
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Margaret Trabue Hodgen, Early anthropology in the sixteenth and (9)
seventeenth centuries (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, [1971]), pp.
452 et 453.
Maurice Godelier, Horizon, trajets marxistes en anthropologie (Paris: (10)
Francois Maspero, 1973), pp. 28-29.
24
ijj Cj~° y Q *^’^ ti AS-jjb
|v_aJ_JL5jj Lg_L&l L^jIj yj t$-»U! y>-^ AjLia^»Jl
ij! j.iljJl y 6 Ol (. JptJlj 4j i)y^yy ^JJl |» 4 ‘^P
4-w<>»wvJlJ| oJ-^j jJ*-Vli .L?t» j o j_* aX^>- (JjLxij LLiS' Jj>cj
pJLJl) IS" 0 jl AkJi>-j c j-JLo 'Lp j ; cillj jl
f ^ «Ar^ ^ y Lp >»Xj W I l- -1-^ ^ <>-l j L<«iJj^3l^ ( «Aj wL^tJ !
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AjI y&J <. 4_wJ3L> /twww'bM O^La Cj>o ^j-Lo l ^j->l _LLP-
^*-wJaJl ^jjllJl 1 j_A jl j_p . ft A* * JaJl oL>cJU^>J < —
jjJy j! aJ ^JJl ( "' ) ( _^'>U^V I ^..jbJl (Acosta) L^.j5l . jV i
I bn Khaldoun, Les textes sociologiques et historiques de la (11)
«Mouqaddima», 1375-1379 classees, traduits et annotes par G. H. Bousquet (Paris:
Kiviere, [1965]), p. 1721
(Moeurs des peuples primitifs) 4 a->-L 5JI oblp y-Si (#)
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. moeurs j morale d j3 ja obUJlj (J*>ti-5ll ^ b j_pll bsbbJl i_~J jbJl
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al L~pL«Pj>-l bi ^-b_a ‘L5*}Lbl (jl ^3 OjL^tJ (_£l (jL^oNi Oiljb C.- 1? ■ ' ji
Genealogie de la ajIiSD Ip j-b j-« Abjul <lL*p- (_g -iJl ^^*11 l^j jLp j i aaj jib.
(j'Ap'l/ 1 cJli Uij . (bien et mal) ^JUs j ^'-p > j yi j ji- <uj ^-bi j morale
( obl*Jl (_3*>b“Vl j^ib ( jybdl) «0 J-AP ^ ja( S 03 jaJU 1a® jA (_5bll b)
l y^AS jl a jAj ( upbbo ji-1 lb?-j (_ 5 *>b>'L bp- ap j-*J 1 moeurs Aj?- j_.
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25
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wipl^ij tjAJl IJ^j o?b>* Jl olJl^-wsJlj obLbl j b^l-*-<Jlj
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jl obUJl j b j_L~Jl ^jLJ (Furtiere) j^j ji ^ j^oli
Sj^L/aJl ob-wb ^ Nj 1690 io> Sj^L^J! N i L^jL,<g j
^JJl j-A t oJ jJl bJJi ^3 Jl$L- jJ»-I bLS' • 1743 4-Lwo
oL5 ^ (C. F. Menestrier) :> jAS oJl
(Les divers car ac teres des iiJb->w»Jl j4jU^ J l
: 1694 4 _o^ b j— J jjL^Jl ouvr ages hist or iques)
4 jJl Oita j_a ^3bb>-^n
( /ya ^j-Sbl J .cii-ta ^_Lp 4->-jLv? aJlLoI ^UJ L*JJL*
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4 J blS" to OP ^y2J J^l ^J-P j\ 4 oJb 0 *j2j
b j *yi>li 4 Ls^bwo j I Lj-Lo ^1 by^J bl j\ b bU
JJ-o bjli Lo» jS\ 0 J 0 31 JbT b jbjL> blj ^ — Ub
^9 wL>xJ 4j I \ C <UJj bl O w>tJ 4 4jIiS” ^*^9 QgJ!
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(1591) (j- 1 ^ (1616 4jwv>i) 4^_0 jiJl Ojj-s^s (12)
Histoire naturelle et morale des Indes, tant orientates : (OJ yaJL) y^j 1 4~~*b oi jl
qu’occidentales, ou il est traite des choses remarquables du Ciel, des elements,
melaux, plantes et animaux qui sont propres dans ce pays, ensemble des maurs,
ceremonies, lois, gouvernement et guerre des indiens.
26
p-£jbtpj t jis-'Vl ^*_*a,jiJ| ^3j Lp>xjjIj Aj^-o
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/< Lo-Lo <L<J-5" ^L*->3 ^_2 t dL]^ ^-Lp (J-sIj-j ol
F. Furet «La naissance de rhistoire,» : ^Jlio y» 16 ^ Ja!>\ (13)
Claude Billard [et al.], : jl y>j <.^J> jA Jl Histoire Up ja JjVI ^JjJI ^
Enseigner Vhistoire (Paris: Hachette, 1979).
Jp Ui ^ Ui5 JSb ^iJL civilisation Ui5 L^JU ^1 U-w^Jl (*>;?)
ji jN>^ ^J-*- 3 • (J^ 1 ^ ^jJu^il bll*-4 ^ ^ion <lo“*ULi «> • g - -11 a ±_. l l
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27
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j~i ^ J^-P- j^-Vl j~-Jzs>z . j
j^LJl JjJUtf (Mirabeau) yaL^ y'LtS 1 1756 *l*Jl ^ <. dJJi
1 _? J— ; t j— _ oL./? : iMI <.(L’ami des hommes)
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oiwL*jCaJ! (_j ji? j-i-o oLS" .^*>*Jl dU.3 L^jLJdSl
O'ij c C-2Li Jki ‘U^L^Jl ^j>~j AydoJlj A^iyj>-^\j “Coc^JslJl
civiliserj (jji t jjJ-) se civiliser : i_J yJb j~Ui!l yJu jJ-a» jU (y-Xr) =
y> lioyjl GJJl tjall J -\j .civilisation : _xdj (j.l»
. SjjUl Jl ~fi_ ^JJI ^Jjj] UbU- licoll ,_ji Oj-rfilJ-l J.I a —2 ^jj!
Michele Duchet, Anthropologie et : ^ £>-! jll y> b-U- o jS i (14)
histoire au siecle des lumieres (Paris: Maspero, 1971),
L_*U iJ-ll .(1977 tFlammarion) oljjJLCa js- La 4 yUaJI
I (Raynal) JLyj (le baron de Bessner) y-la OjjLJI ol
G. T. Raynal, Histoire des deux Indes. : ajUS' ^ a71 jJ-U
jU- A-x^ U Jl £y- (civilisation) iJ-C. j\ SjLj^ i«i5 oLl y (15)
Jean Starobinski, Lc temps de la reflexion (Paris: Gallimard, :
1980-1989), vol. 3, pp. 13-15,
. A^Jl^JI eJ^J JUiJl L ydl ^Jbaj 4j| jS'
28
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(Buffon) j j 2 > jj v — > \ jlSC_s Nj ^jjliil ^Ji ^
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kJl ^jjLJI
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<. *lJlp j L^jlx^w-U ^^Ip L*lSj4 jXvsu jl Oj^ iSjX^Jlj
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i-ilkji- j\ c L^_jI 4_*-sJaJl ^lj ! jj JUL-
,>^i^Jl oU LLS^ jl ^>1 L^5. cL*^bJJ
. ( 16 ) «t. . . ] y J>h
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J _pJ. I cSJuj_*- oLJ 11 p : (Carl Von Linne) (1778 - 1707) <u^J j jj Jjl 5 M
.^-'L'Ul ^1 j- 'i ^:Z
.U JbJiiJl (16)
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c aAJ 1 ^Laj! |^~*^ 1 o Lj La3 p-1^^«w^L> c L^»*»* , ^S , I
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l) J^j-*-i ^ ® 1 ^ ®ol ^P (1 )j^-v~*jj t *Lo J_a tS>Ul ^-pnJLS' lj^Xw>-*-)
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Jose de Acosta, Histoire naturelle et morale des Indes occidentals, (17)
version fran^aise etablie par Jacques Remy-Zephir (Paris: [n. pb.], 1616), livre VII,
chap. 1, p. 315.
30
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Georges-Louis Buffon, Les Epoques de la nature, edition critique avec le (20)
manuscrit, une introduction et des notes par Jacques Roger (Paris: Memoires du
Museum National, 1962), p. 3.
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setlecento (Rorna-Uari: Laterza, 1970),
Jean Copans and Jean Jamin, ed., Aux origines de : (i__J jr iJLi) I .x J b J
I’anthropologie franpaise: Les memoir es de la societe des observateurs de I'homme en
Van VIII ([s. 1.], [s. n.], [s. d.]).
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Halie Jaouiche; presentation et introduction de Raoul Makarius (Paris: Editions
Anthropos, 1976).
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Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times , Edited and Translated by
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. «Bibiography of Lafitau’s Sources» :339 J! 311
54
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56
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I ^jjbJl L b j+»ju L^-S* olil^iblj 4 jIi 5 (Barrier) 4 -^-Aj J jJb (8)
La mythologie et les fables expliquees par Vhistoire,
ciLlj <L>J~b u±*-t ^jJl Jj*ifi iLwJ.j'yi oJL~* j\ j j .. j .-eJ I jj
p_L 5 sIj ^iJl k^XLi ^ . ®*U 3 ^jLJ|
^ ^lj V <i\^S jj
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, «Plan de :(i™J j^L;) cJLiil ^ (9)
deux discours sur Thistoire universellc,» (1751) dans: Anne-Robert-Jacques
Turgot, Oeuvres, ed. Gustave Schelle ([s. l.J: [s. n.], [s. d.]), pp. 1-277.
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Michele Duchet, Anthropologie et histoire au siecle des lumieres : j Is 3 (2)
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(Recherches philosophiques sur J y>- 4-i.,-U aiaUial : a-^? j . Qv.; ; ../3.)l j
. les Americains)
Cornelius de Pauw, Recherches philosophiques sur les Americains ou (1)
memoires interessants pour servir a Vhistoire de I’espece humaine (Berlin: [s. n.],
1774).
Antonello Gerbi, Disputa del nuovo : (XJUjj^L) jilJ jJaJl ^jL 5 jJii! (2)
mondo [...], 1750-1900 (Mexico: Buenos Aires, Fondo de cultura economica,
1960).
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Maspero, 1971), pp. 263-267,
Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon et : j-> ji w j-i J_p o j-»j-j oUL-^Loj
Michele Duchet, De I’homme, presentation et notes de Michele Duchet (Paris:
Maspero, 1971), pp. 368 sq.
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De Pauw, Recherches philosophiqu.es sur les Americains ou memoir es (4)
interessants pour servir a Vhistoire de Vespece humaine, tome 1, p. 35.
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De Pauw, Recherches philosophiques sur les Amcricains ou memoires (8)
interessants pour servir d I’histoire de iespece humaine , tome 1, p. 43.
De Pauw, Ibid., tome 1, p. 35: «[...] Les Hommes y etaient plus que (9)
femmes [...].»
Duchet, Anthropologie et histoire an siecle des lumieres , pp. 202 sq. (10)
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De Pauw, Ibid., tome 1, pp. 108 sq.
( 11 )
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Hegel, La raison dans Vhistoire : Introduction a la philosophic de (77)
I’histoire, p. 269.
Hyppolite, Introduction a la '. tlUiS^I oijs ^»1 .1 jLi ^J. i(infini) (78)
philosophic de Vhistoire de Hegel, pp. 61 et 68.
Hegel, Ibid., : ^JaJl <. l^-l^ Ijl j lj\ y> <uJLS(Jl aJL* (79)
pp. 257, 262 et 263.
Hegel, La raison dans Vhistoire: Introduction a la philosophic de (80)
Vhistoire, p. 251.
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Marcien Towa, Essai sur la prohlematique philosophique dans : l . s> _ J b : l
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«J. -J. Rousseau fondateur des sciences de rhomme,» dans: Claude Levi- (1)
Strauss, Claude Levi-Strauss; ou, la structure et le malheur, presentation par
Catherine Backes-Clement, choix de textes de Claude Levi-Strauss comportant un
inedit (Paris: Seghers, [1970]), p. 70.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discours sur I’origine de Vinegalite ([s. 1.]: [s. n.], (2)
- [s. d.]), note 10.
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Bellour et Clement, Ibid., p. 69. : J&\ t B jUjVl j y^L M ^ (33)
Jacques Derrida, De la grammatologie (Paris: Editions de Minuit, [s. (34)
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308
diegesis et non mimesis
Sis'll Aj
monogamie
(r'jj
narration
purisme
caducee de Mercure
famille punaluenne
4-0 ^_oU aJoLp
famille consanguine
jJi j»jjl a! jIp
famille monogame
aJoIp
famille sundyasmienne
( j5'Lvso ^ aJoIp
ethnologue
U- ^ jJIp
accidentalite
gens
gentilice
superrationalisme
5J*>Up
relation diachronique
*
Lt-oj
teleologie
oLUJl (Jp
scientificite
teleologique
finalisme
iolp
calumet de paix
j 1 (1) y*. Lp
phratrie
(iLJ)
esprit
309
en gentes
4j ^5
historifiable
antiquite plus reculee
civitas
societas/ societe gentilice
immateriel
5 j>^°
sens actif
normatif
if A
avoir et etre
systeme gentilice
4j <Co y^J3
sauvage
sauvagerie
310
Books
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I’etat. Paris: Editions sociales, 1954.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Lepons sur la philosophie de
I’histoire. Paris: J. Vrin, 1946.
. La raison dans I’histoire: Introduction a la philosophie de
I’histoire. Trad, nouv., introd. et notes par Kostas Papaioan-
nou. Paris: Union generate d’editions, 1965.
Lafitau, Joseph-Fran?ois. Maeurs des sauvages americains compar-
ees aux mceurs des premiers temps. Paris: [s. n.], 1724.
Levi-Strauss, Claude. Anthropologie structurale. Paris: Plon, 1958.
. Mythologiques - Le era et le cuit. Paris: Plon. 1964.
. Mythologiques - Du miel aux cendres. Paris: Plon, 1967.
. Mythologiques - L’homme nu. Paris: Plon, 1971.
. Mythologiques - L’origine des manieres de table.
Paris: Plon, 1968.
. La pensee sauvage. Paris: Plon, 1962.
. Tristes tropiques. Paris: Plon, 1955.
Malthus, Thomas Robert. Essai sur le principe de population. Paris:
[s. n.], 1833.
Morgan, Lewis Henry. La societe archai'que. Traduit de l'americain
par Halie Jaouiche; presentation et introductions de Raoul
311
Makarius. Paris: Editions Anthropos, 1976.
De Pauw, Cornelius. Recherches philosophiques sur les Americains
ou memoires interessants pour servir a Vhistoire de I’espece
humaine. Berlin: [s. n.], 1774.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Oeuvres completes . [s. 1.]: Ed. Plei'ade, [s.
d.].
Voltaire. Essai sur les mceurs et l’ esprit des nations et sur les
principaux fails de Vhistoire depuis Charlemagne jusqu’d Louis
XIII, introduction, bibliographic, releve de variantes, notes et
index par Rene Pomeau. Paris: Gamier, 1963.
312
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Anthropologie et histoire au siecle des
Lumieres (1995), Essais d anthropologie:
Espcices, longues, histoire (2005).
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michele duchei
le partage des savoirs
discours hisioriquc et
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PARIS V
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